Liquid-fuel burner



(No Model.)

A. H. CALKINS. LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

UNITED SrATEs ParnNTv (.)Frloial ALMON I-I. CALKINS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

LIQUID-FU EL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 419,824, dated January 21, 1890. Application filed December '7, 1888. Serial No. 292,935. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that l, ALMON H. CALKINs, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to an improved burner for converting liquid fuel into vapor or gas and burning the same, of that class comprising two parallel plates placed close together or nearly in contact with each other, said plates having an extended area of heating-surface, between which the fuel is confined in passing from an oil-supply pipe or inlet-passage to the margins of the plates, whereat gas produced by the heat of the plates is burned. Such a -burner is shown and broadly claimed in a prior application for patent, Serial No. 266,921, filed by me in the United States Patent Office March l2, 1888.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a burner embodying the same. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner. The part of the top plate of the same is broken away to show the construction of the parts beneath the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the rectangular burner, embracing the same general features of construction that are illustrated in Figs. l and 2.

The burner proper consists in its main or essential parts of two cup-shaped or convex burner-plates A and B, of which A is the lower plate, which is sustained within the stove or other heating apparatus by means of suitable projections at its edges, and B topA plate which rests thereon. The adjacent surfaces of said plates A and B are of exactly the same form, and said plates are tted so closely together as t0 leave an exceedingly narrow space between them, through which the fuel may pass from the point at the center of the plates to the margin thereof. Commonly the plates will be made of east met-al with their contact surfaces of ordinary smoothness, surfaces of this kind, when the upper plate rests by gravity on the lower one, being found to afford ample space for the passage of the fuel between the plates in the manner described. At the base of the main or cup-shaped part of the plate A the latter is provided with an outwardly extending flange or annular part A', and the plate B with a corresponding outwardly-extending flange or annular part B', said flange B terminating at theA outer margins of the part or flange A so that an opening is afforded at the margin of said plate or flange lB for the exit of the fuel in vaporous or gaseous form from between the plates. The outer margin of the lower plateAis, however, extended outwardly beyond the part A and shaped to form an annular trough A2, herein sh own as made of V shape in cross-section, but which may be of other form, if desired. Upon the outer margin of said trough A2 is formed a series of radial lugs a a, which rest upon any suitable projection or ledge for supporting the burner. In Fig. l of the drawings the dotted lines show the outline of a stove, which is provided with an inwardly-projecting ledge, upon which the said lugs a a rest. At the eenterof the plates A and B an oilsupply pipe C communicates with a space between said plates through the medium of the passage a in the bottom plate A, in which plate said pipe is secured. Preferably a small oil-chamber b is formed between the plates A and B adjacent to the passage of; but this chamber is not essential.

Vithin the horizontal part or flange A of the bottom plate A are formed a series of apertures a2 a2, which are surrounded by upwardlyeXtending flanges a3 a3, which project through correspondiugly-shaped openings ZJ b in the annular part B of the plaie B, in

the manner illustrated. The said flanges a3 a3 are tted as closely as possible within the openings bf ZJ', so that the fuel passing outwardly between said plates A and B will make its escape at the margins of said part B and not at the joints around said flanges as.

D is an annular defiecting plate or flange connected with the plate B thereof, and extending outwardly and downwardly over said IOO . burner of rectangular form'.

capes between the plates A and B. In thev construction of the parts herein shown the flange D is cast separate from the plate B and is fitted to a shoulder b2 upon said plate. This construction is not, however, essential,

and said flange may be otherwise formed or constructed, as may be found convenient or desirable.

In the operation of this burner oil is fed by means Vof the supply-pipe O to the space between the plates A and B, and, said plates being heated by the vapor or gas flame adja` cent to and around them, the oil is converted first into vapor and then into gas as it yapproaches the margins of the plates, and finally issues from between the plates about the margins of the upper plate B, where combustion takes place, giving a circular fiame surrounding the central cup-shaped part of the burner. Air for supporting combustion is supplied around the outside of the trough A2 by means of the spaces formed by the lugs a ce, andair is also supplied to the flame by means of the openings @2 @2 and annular slot d, hereinbefore described. The air passing upwardly through said openings d2 a2 enters the space inclosed by or within the flange D and makes its exit from thisspace through the slot d, and is thereby delivered at a point close to the flame. By the construction described I provide an ample supply of air at both lsides of the fiame, with the advantage 'of producing complete and rapid combustion.

The `annular trough A2 is for the purpose of receiving a small quantity of o il, which may beallowed to escape from the oil-pipe C preparatory to lighting the burner, and may be burned within said trough for the purpose of 'heating the plates A and B sufficiently to vaporize the oil. A l o It will of course be understood that in starting the burner vapor will be formed when the plates are at a relatively low temperature, kbut that the burning of the vapor vwill increaseA the temperature of the platesl until they become so hot that gas is formed 'and issues from between them.

yIn Fig. 3 I have shown the features of construction above described as applied to a In this instance E is'othe lower and F the upper plate of the burner. These plates are provided at their lower` `edges with nearly horizontal parts E F', the part E being provided with holes e,

surrounded by flanges e', which pass through and fit in `apertures f in the part F of the plate F, Over said horizontal parts E F the plates E and F extend upwardlyinnearly a vertical direction, and at some distance above the said parts E and F are bent backa wardly, so that their upper parts are nearly horizontal. Near the upper edges of the said plates is formed a horizontal oil-supply passage f, with which is connected the oil-supply pipe G. The oil fed to said passage f passes into the space between said plates E and F throughout the entire length of the same. At the outer or rear margin of the plates E and F, at the rear of the oil-passage f', the plate E is provided with an upwardlyextending flange c2, while the adjacent part of the plate F is constructed to fit over said flange, thereby forming a U-shaped part f2 upon said plate. Said fiange e2 and the part f2 fitting thereon form a practically tight joint at these edges of the plates. The plate F is preferably continued downwardly outside of the flange e2, forminga wall f3, which extends nearly to the bottom of the' burner, while the plate E is connected at itsrea'edge with a depending plate e3. n Said plate E, together with the part e3 thereon, forms a hollow or concave shell or "casting, over which the plate F and its depending flange f3 are placed, and upon which they are held by gravity. y The flange or casting e3 is desirably cut away or recessed to a point near its upper edge, as indicated at e4, the'rebyallowing the escape into the space beneath the plate E of any vapor or gas which may pass through thejoint formed by the'fi'ange ez'and the part f2, which .fits over the same. The vapor or gas thus escaping is confined within the inner space of the burner by lmeans of the said flange f3, and finally passes to the'burner with the air for supporting combustion, in the manner described ina separate `application for patent, Serialr No. A292,931l, filed'simultaneously herewith. A flange orwall operating in this manner is fully described and claimed in said separate application, and

IOO

forms no part of the matters claimed herein.

A horizontal trough E2 is cast upon the margin of the part E of the plate Efsaid trough being for the purpose of receiving'oil for starting the burner, in the manner hereinbefore described.V A part or wallEs, 'cast upon the outer edge fof the trough E2, serves as a means of sustaining the lower or front edge of the 'casting composing the'said plate E and trough E. A vertical end wall E* at each end ofthe burner serves to connect the ends of the plate E, trough E2, front wall IEB, and rear wall e8, all of which parts in the particular burner shown are icast `integral withsaid'end wall. n

H is a deflecting plate or fiangey attached to thetop plate F of the burner and extending downwardly to a point adjacent `to and above the outer margin of the said. plate FA At its lower edge a horizontal slot h is formed between saidfiangel and the adjacent margin of the plate F, through which air passes -tc the flame l n Y I is a flame-deflecting plate Vsupported over and adjacent to the plates 'E' and F and actL1 ing to lconfine adjacent to said plates the liamesmresulting from the combustion of the IIO vapor or gas issuingfrom between said plates E and F, so that the plates will be maintained at a high temperature during the operation of the burner. The burner shown in Fig. 3 operates in the same manner as that hereinbefore described, air for supporting combustion being supplied both from the outside of the trough E2 and by means of the openings e e and slot h.

As far as that part of my invention which. relates to means for supplying air to both sides of the flame is concerned, the plates themselves may be flat, conical, cupshaped, or of other form. Preferably, however, said plates are made of cup shape, with their margin at which combustion takes place at the lower part thereof, so that an annular flame is produced, which surrounds the central elevated parts of the plates, and thus serves to maintain the same at a high temperature. When said plates are of other shape than herein shown, however, a deiiector may be supplied to direct the fiames over or into contact with the plate. A construction of this hind is illustrated in a separate application, Serial No. 292,934, filed simultaneously herewith..

I claim as my invention-u l. A burner for converting liquid fuel into gas and burning the saine, comprising two parallel plates placed close to each other, an oilesupply pipe for supplying oil between said plates, said plates being provided with a plurality of openings extending through the same near their margins at which the gas issues, whereby air is supplied to the inner side of the iiame of the burner, substantially as described.

2. A burner for converting liquid fuel into gas and burning the same, comprising two parallel plates placed close to each other, an oil-supply pipe for supplying oil between said plates, the lowermost of said plates being provided with a plurality of openings surrounded by anges which extend through openings in the upper plate, whereby air is supplied to the inner side of the flame of the burner, substantially as described.

3. A burner for converting liquid fuel into gas and burning the same, comprising two parallel plates placed close to each other, an oil-supply pipe for supplying oil between said plates, said plates being provided with a plurality of openings which extend through both plates near the margins thereof at which the gas is burned, and a deflecting plate or flange located over the said opening, with its free edge over and adjacent to the margin of the upper plate, whereby the air passing through s aid openings is delivered at the base of the flame, substantially as described.

4:. A burner comprising a circular cupshaped lower plate having a horizontal marginal part provided with a plurality of openings surrounded by upwardly extending flanges, a cup-shaped top plate provided with a horizontal marginal part having apertures to receive said flanges, and an oilsupply pipe communicating with the space between said plates at the center of the same, substantially as described.

5. A burner comprising a circular cup shaped lower plate having a horizontal marginal part provided with a plurality of openings surrounded by upwardly extending flanges, a cup-shaped top plate provided with a horizontal marginal part having apertures to receive said flanges, an oil-supply pipe communicating with the space between said plates at the center of the same, and an outwardly and downwardly extending flange supported upon the top plate and overhanging the said horizontal marginal part of the same, and forming with the margin of said top plate an annular slot, through which the air entering the said openings passes to the flame, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

ALMoN n. oALKINs.

Witnesses:

C. CLARENCE POOLE, M. E. DAYTON. 

